We rooked a current database, mainly based of the all of our search class, on food and drink consumption getting 984 people

dos. Materials and techniques

Data were collected using the WBQ tool from in the area of Athens, Greece from 473 individuals aged 16–86 (42 ± 18 years) (221 males) in summer and from 511 individuals aged 16–86 (38 ± 20 years) wife Aran in Azerbaijan (245 males) in winter, stratified by age and sex according to the Hellenic Statistical Authority . All volunteers were informed on the objectives of the study and the procedures involved and signed an informed consent. The retrieved data were confidential, and the study followed the ethical considerations provided by The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). The WBQ incorporates a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire validated to record energy intake against three-day diaries (p < 0.001)>

Particularly, the new WBQ provides: (A) research for the profile of the participant; (B) recording away from application towards period of the prior month out-of solid and you may liquid dinner, drinking water or products out of a partial-decimal eating regularity survey (FFQ) off 58 meals confirmed getting quoting times consumption together with extra glucose and honey which is set in drinks; and you may (C) quote of physical activity employing the fresh new All over the world Physical working out Questionnaire (IPAQ) , and that suggestions time of exercise from the three interest profile (severe, modest, mild do it) or inactive standards. The fresh new IPAQ might have been confirmed in earlier times due to the fact a corner-federal software having tape physical exercise [20,21,22] and to guess time expenses.

The power and you can liquids stuff away from filed dinners and you may products is analyzed with the Diet plan Research And (Wadsworth Posting Co Inc., Belmont, California, USA), and therefore uses composition research throughout the USDA National Mineral Database and selected Greek meals (i.e., mousakas, pastitsio, Greek yoghurt, lentiles beans soup, several Greek pies, souvlaki, stuffed tomatoes) . Centered on total opportunity consumption and effort expenses, times balance are analyzed as well.

Inside study, “drinks” means fresh fruit liquid or packaged juice 100% versus sugar articles, sugar-sugary drinks (SSDs) (fresh fruit nectar which have glucose, sodas which have sugar and energy/isotonic products), low-calorie carbonated drinks, beverage and you will herbal infusions, milk (all types of dairy, chocolates dairy and cocoa take in), milkshake and you may sherbets, coffee-and coffee products, and you may alcoholic drinks (alcohol, wine and all sort of alcoholic drinks). “Drink opportunity intake (DEI)” makes reference to opportunity consumption away from drinks “overall opportunity consumption (TEI)” in order to energy intake from all offer and you may “energy consumption away from dishes” to help you time consumption out of strong and fluid products (e.grams., soups). This new contribution out-of drinks organizations so you can overall times consumption (research of Malisova mais aussi al. 2013), showed once the full drinking habits (TWI), i.elizabeth., water off beverages, drinking water, good and you can water delicacies and as drink drinking habits (DWI), i.age., drinking water out-of drinks and you can liquid.

step 3. Statistical Investigation

Results are shown just like the indicate ± sd to your generally speaking delivered parameters and average (P25–P75) to the skewed ones. Normality is actually looked at utilizing the chances–chances spot (P–P area) and you can histograms. Differences when considering men about your complete energy intake, times off products, times out-of edibles, opportunity expense, times equilibrium, intake of water, liquid from h2o and you can beverages, h2o regarding products, liquid away from liquids, h2o from food, h2o losses and h2o harmony were assessed to your separate take to t-attempt to your generally speaking delivered parameters plus the Mann-Whittney U-take to to the skewed of these. Similarly, differences between the latest five quartiles of time off drinks were assessed towards the you to-way ANOVA F-shot toward normally marketed parameters additionally the Kruskal-Wallis H Sample to your skewed ones. Significance peak is actually set at the 5%. Correlations between your contribution of beverages to drinking habits inside loved ones in order to time into the cold temperatures and summer was indeed tested from the Pearson’s otherwise Spearman’s relationship coefficients getting normally distributed or skewed details. All the statistical analyses did using PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS Inc, il, IL, USA).